About Khorezm area. Need to delete Dzhanbas (Toprak more old and big)
And main city in this region wil be
ToprakMinir city
Kalagyr
But here problem with toponyms also. It`s modern names of ruins.I think
no name in source or not interpretation.
I think we can use saghdian words:
In saghdian "kanѳ" mean city, "uštəmāx" mean paradise. "nəβdē" -dewy (or wet). "ksep (ksep)" - it`s mean forsaken "Mard" - dead. "zāy" (?) or "kōs" in soghdian mean place or area "γər" - hill |
Toprak-kala (or
Toproq) - it`s mean Dusty (sandy), kala - city.
In soghdian can be:
Uštəmāxkanѳ, Nəβdēkanѳ, Nəβdēzāy Kalagyr (or
Kyuzeli-gyr) - gyr it`s mean Hill, second name Kyuzeli-gyr -Hill with pots (Hill with ceramic fragments) Thanks to
Serik AkylbekProblem of KALGYR it was dead city in RTR time.
can be
Ksepkōs or Mardkōs (or Ksepzāy or Mardzāy) or zāy Ksepkanѳ or Mardkanѳ
or early medieval (Idrisi map) we can try to interpretation:
Topraq like
Dargas (dargash)
Kalagyr like
Garas or
Kardan